INCREASE OF CELLS EXPRESSING PD-L1 IN BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF ANTI-VIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO VIA PD-L1 BLOCKADE

Increase of cells expressing PD-L1 in bovine leukemia virus infection and enhancement of anti-viral immune responses in vitro via PD-L1 blockade

Abstract The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections.Blockade HYDRATE SHAMPOO of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway restores anti-virus immune responses, with concomitant reduction in viral load.In a previous report

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Deterioration mechanism of loess from Ili valley region of China under wet and dry cycles: evidences from shear tests

The properties of loess in the Ili region of China are Keyboard Parts significantly affected by repeated cycles of rainfall and evaporation.It is thus essential to investigate the deterioration mechanism of loess subjected to the wet and dry cycles.This paper employs various methods, including the direct shear and triaxial shear tests, as well as t

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